Ethics And The Ethics Based Questions - 938 Words

This situation, while extreme, presents us with a myriad of different ethical dilemmas involving the respect for life. Although we may not face this kind of grave situation on a daily basis the lessons we can learn from this case study can be applied to the ethics based questions we do encounter in everyday life. By examining the choices and intentions of each of the involved individuals we are able to see the application of different arguments and points of view. While the parties involved differ greatly in their beliefs and convictions, every individual concerned is attempting to protect the sanctity of human life in the way that they believe is best. In order to study these circumstances and the moral implications presented, it is imperative to first ascertain the facts surrounding the situation. This ethical impasse occurs because a couple has come to the doctor in search of medical advice regarding their attempts to have another child. The couple wishes to conceive another child because their 21 year old daughter has been diagnosed with an aggressive form of leukemia. Thus, by having a second child they will produce a bone marrow donor who most likely has the ability to save the life of their existing offspring. However, by doing this they are essentially creating a life as a means to an end and using a person to achieve a desired outcome. This creates an ethical quandary between respecting the life of a young girl by doing everything possible to save her andShow MoreRelatedThe Market System And The Need For Ethics812 Words   |  4 PagesQuestion 1 Discuss the market system and the need for ethics in business and distingu ish it from the law and concepts of virtue and morality. The market system relates to the need for ethics in business, due to the fact that the individuals that are pricing and selling goods to individuals that are negotiating with them for the purchase of those goods or services, should ensure that the exchange between these individuals is fair and just. This is distinguished from the law due to the fact that theRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Public Administration System Essay814 Words   |  4 PagesAdministrative Ethics is one of the terms of Administrative science which begins with and grounded in duty. The nature, meaning and scopes of ethics have overgrown in the course of time. Ethics is thickened to public administration. In public administration, ethics concentrates on how the public administrator should question and reflect in order to be able to act responsibly. We can simply bisect the two by saying that ethics deals with morals and values, while public administration is full of actionsRead MoreThe Difference Between Professionali sm And Ethics1590 Words   |  7 PagesThe difference between professionalism and ethics is professionalism talks about staying professional within your business and always staying up to par about what is going on within a business. Ethics talks about the study of decisions and moral judgment. Ethics is the study of what should be, what is the ultimate good and how to achieve it. People have always thought that the primary purpose of business is to serve society. Business must have a society commitment otherwise businesses cannot enjoyRead MoreHow Critical Thinking and Ethics Affect My Life Essay994 Words   |  4 PagesHow Critical Thinking and Ethics Affect my Life? Heather H. Hubbard Bryant amp; Stratton College Philosophy 250 Mr. Christopher Schwab October 19, 2011 How Critical thinking and Ethics Affect my Life. For this paper I was asked how critical thinking and ethics will affect my career as both a student and a professional, in order to answer that question I must first answer the question of what is critical thinking and ethics. One thing that is certain about success in any and all aspectsRead More0 out of 5 points1002 Words   |  5 Pagesthose in the minority. Correct Answer:   Ã‚   It is difficulty to accurately measure both costs and benefits. ï‚ · Question 2 5 out of 5 points Business executives are finding that a trusting, ethical relationship with a business partner is: Answer Selected Answer:   Ã‚   Often essential in conducting business. Correct Answer:   Ã‚   Often essential in conducting business. ï‚ · Question 3 5 out of 5 points At the core of rights reasoning is the belief that: Answer Selected Answer:   Ã‚   RespectingRead MoreEthics Is Not Moral Or Immoral940 Words   |  4 PagesEthics is not relative to the culture that we live in. Ethics is not based on one countries’ morals. If one country believes something is not morally right, but in other countries it is. This does not mean it is based on the culture to make it moral or immoral. Ethics is not based on one specific society, but ideas. Ethics is about discussions and how theories can be put into effect. If the United States disapproves of cannibalism while another country is completely okay with it. This gives us noRead MoreVirtue Ethics : The True Stem Of Moral Character1445 Words   |  6 PagesJiovanni Rodriguez Philosophy 103 2014 December 2nd Virtue Ethics: The True Stem of Moral Character Moral character is what dictates an individual s decision making and affects their experiences throughout their life. A person s morals can be based off one s upbringing and environmental factors. Virtue ethics is a philosophical view that greatly supports this claim that the choices a person makes and their actions follow those choices, and display their moral character. This is more likelyRead MoreEthics And Ethics : Ethics922 Words   |  4 Pagesanticipating making was my approach to ethics. Over the course of the past fifteen weeks, my knowledge of ethics as well as my approach to ethics has changed. I have become more knowledgeable about the different approaches to ethics and have gained insight as to where I stand in my approach to ethics. One thing that has changed in my approach to ethics since the beginning of the semester is I am now adamant that it is impossible to arrive at a final answer to ethical questions. Learning about the differentRead MoreCan Ethics Be Taught? Essay examples1615 Words   |  7 PagesWhat are ethics? Ethics are the set beliefs and values of an individual which they apply to circumstances relating to morality. 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Women in History Free Essays

Transportation and Trade Pre-History to 1500 CE World Civilizations 1 February 25, 2013 Transportation and Trade From the prehistoric time period to 1500 C. E. there have been many technological advances in the way of transportation and the way that different cultures have used their advances. We will write a custom essay sample on Women in History or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this, the student will attempt to convey to the reader ways that certain world culture areas evolved in the way of transportation to become more successful in transporting their goods for trade. Starting with Ancient Mesopotamia (my personal favorite) there are very many different ways that the Mesopotamians changed their method of travel to accommodate their growing needs for certain goods. Starting by traveling on foot, Mesopotamians would take sling bags and fill them with their goods when they only had a few small items to transport. Maybe a small amount of Barley or wheat to make some bread with or some pickled or dried, salted fish would fit into most sling bags and the person would hang it over one shoulder like the way women carried babies in slings and just walk their route to get the goods t their destination. When they needed to carry moderate loads they would wrap a cloth around their bundle of goods that might also include some meats from beef, sheep, or goats and wrap the bundle onto their back and use their forehead as a balancing point to hold the package of goods steady and keep themselves balanced to be able to walk without problems. Heavier loads however, were loaded onto a quite large pallet and covered in a cloth and tied down with rope. Then the pallet was loaded onto the carrier’s back and carried that way. Due to the strain and limited space, they usually only kept meats and fish within the same or very nearby cities to avoid spoiling. In 3000 BC the Mesopotamians began utilizing donkeys as a mode of travel to carry goods. This enabled them to carry more and heavier items, and also they were able to carry different items as it was not as taxing on the individual traveling and the donkey could bear the weight instead. With the introduction of donkeys as domesticated animals the Mesopotamians were able to transport textiles (cloth and/or fabric). While this is too heavy for a human to be able to carry enough to make the trip lucrative for all involved, using a donkey made it a lot easier to transport. Tied to the back of a donkey in bundles, the ass could walk for miles without needing a break and was able to bear the heaviness of the load. Donkeys enabled Mesopotamians to be able to travel and carry goods as far away as Kanesh in Turkey. The donkeys were also able to transport items such as gold, silver, and precious stones. In order to make the stones enough to make the trip worthwhile, they could not just carry it on foot because it was too heavy once you had enough of these metals to prove enough to accomplish all needs. They could carry more grains also. The donkey was also able to carry wine and lapis lazuli (Mined in Afghanistan large chunks of it were able to be transported to make jewelry to trade. Without donkey assistance they would not have been able to carry enough back at once to make the amount of items needed to trade for survival or profit). Which were both very heavy and needed to be carried by an ulterior method to get to where it needed to go efficiently and effectively. Around 2500-2350 B. C. , boats began being introduced to the Mesopotamians for a way to travel and transport their goods from place to place. Starting with gulf boats, they were Stronger than common river boats, used to transport goods from South Mesopotamia to the Gulf. Made out of reeds and other woods covered in bitumen (A natural tar-like substance that is derived from petroleum to make the wood waterproof). The Mesopotamians were able to continue to transport barley, wheat, and textiles, but now, more of them and much faster. They also became able to transport stone. Mesopotamian Kings sent expeditions in search of unusual stones and carried from the gulf into Mesopotamia. Special woods like pine and cedar from as far away as India were traded in Southern Mesopotamia in trading posts. Pearls, known as fish eyes to the Mesopotamians were also able to be harvested and transported. Pearls were used to make jewelry and were exchanged for Babylonian goods. Carnelian, a red or reddish white mineral that usually came from India was used to make jewelry and to decorate objects was also moved this way first. Copper, mixed with Tin and Bronze, being one of the most important traded goods traded, it came from Anatolia, Iran, and the Gulf. Ivory became available to be moved with the use of the gulf boat as well. Also, reeds cut from along the river banks and woven into mats or tied together as bundles for building boats and houses. Reeds were easier transported by water than by land. Another form of boat that was used later on as needs became greater and more abundant amounts of goods were needed to survive this period was the coracle. The coracle is a small round boat made of animal skins and covered with the bitumen and were paddled or drifted downstream. They mostly used these coracles for moving and transporting fish, (more of it, and some of it was even transported alive in large post. Reeds, grains, and meat from beef, goats and sheep were also moved using coracles. Although the type of goods did not change, the amounts and condition of some of these goods were very different as opposed to the foot or donkey method of traveling. Rafts which were simply logs tied together and placed on top of inflated animal skins. Was good for easy storage of the equipment used for making the rafts as they could be floated downstream and then dismantled upon arrival and the wood could be sold. With rafts the Mesopotamians were able to move more and heavier logs by lashing them together and floating them in the river along with side raft. Larger amounts of reeds and grains for beer and wine were able to be moved easier this way and then the trip was even more advantageous. Assyrians used rafts to move large flat stone slabs to use in decorating their palaces. River boats that were made of reeds bundled and lashed and often covered in bitumen also to waterproof just the same as the coracle and gulf boats were. Usually drifted downstream with the current but then needed to be towed back upstream by various means such as donkeys, oxen or even people. The Mesopotamians carried all of the usual items on these river boats (grain, reeds, logs, wool, wine, and beer). Although, they were also able to carry and transport bricks with much more ease than was available before these boats were used. Bricks were made of mud of baked used to build structures. Normally made near the place to be used, but sometimes needed to be transported to different cities. Moving on to Medieval Europe we have a very simple people. They usually did not go very far if they did leave because everything was so far away that they had to venture for days or even weeks to simply thirty miles and back. Most of the civilians that did travel did so on foot. Most people in Medieval Europe stayed near the places where they were born. Whenever one did venture out, the person would usually be able to walk up to ten or twenty miles to a village, work all day and then walk back again at the end of the day. If the road was well maintained, they could walk further, however, it was uncommon unless need was emergent to go further. If not traveling on foot, the second most available choice after 2500 CE was on horseback. Horses could go much faster and further than a human simply walking to and from a destination. Horses could go as far as thirty miles without needing a break. Would leave it to where the rider was able to accomplish much more with his day and even be able to bring with him some goods to trade where he ended up riding to. When they needed to move more than just a small amount of goods such as locally grown foods to sell or trade or things like wool. Wool was very heavy and a horse could not carry a very large amount on just horseback. They used covered wagons pulled by horse or oxen able to transport silk, wool, and grown foods to trade. Could only go 20 Miles at a time when using horses for pull the wagon or 10 miles at a time (when using oxen oxen) before needed to stop and rest, or repair wagon due to condition of roads. Although this did make the trip take longer that with just one single horse, and also the trip was more lucrative because of the goods that could be carried back using a covered wagon. If there was more than just a moderate amount of supplies or goods they would use sailing ships to transport them. There were a few different types of sailing ship that was used, each one having its own purpose. The first type of sailing ship that was used was a Knarr. This was the most common type used for most people. The Knarr had a sole square rigged sail and was mainly used to move light cargo. The next most available type of sailing ship used was the trade cog. These were single mast, flat bottomed ships with steep sides. The flat bottom allowed the sailors to come into port easier and go right up on land to be able to load and unload the goods and cargo better, faster, and easier. One more type of sailing ship that was used by Medieval Europeans was a hulk. Also having a flat bottom like the trade cog, this ship was easy to dock on land to make boarding and de-boarding of cargo and persons easy. However, unlike the previous ships, the hulk had no mast making oceanic travel impossible in this craft. The hulk was used mainly in canals and rivers due to the limited controllability when attempting ocean traveling. The final two types of sailing ships that were used were the caravel and carrack. Both of these ships were mainly created by the Portuguese for exploration voyages. The caravel had either both square and lateen rigged sails, or simply just lateen rigged sails. The carrack was a rather large ship, much larger than the caravel was. With six sails (a mizzen, a bowsprit, a spritsail, a foresail, and two topsails) this ship was very easily controlled no matter what the conditions. The many different sails made it so that the carrack could sail against the wind. In the Ancient Roman Empire transportation of goods didn’t really pick up too much until the Romans began using ships to move things, on account of how taxing everything was. The invention of their roads did however help with the traveling but the items they had to trade and transport were so far away that they needed to be able to use shipping methods via waterways to get the items moved efficiently and in a method that was worthwhile to the people moving the items and the amounts of goods they needed to move The Romans started using ferries for transportation for crossing and traveling shallow passages. Although these passages could have been waded across, rivers like The Euphrates River had already begun to be inhabited by crocodiles and other harmful creatures. Making it undesired to cross without being on a protecting contraption of some kind. Horse drawn chariots were two wheeled vehicles drawn by three or four horses (later on in history to be drawn by 2 horses) that were hitched side by side. This was a preferred method of transportations for Emperors and other royal persons. They were often made out of wood for the basket and wheels. The chariot was strengthened in some places by bronze or iron. The tires were also made of iron or bronze and the wheels had anywhere from four to eight spokes. Sledges, pulled by oxen were used mainly to transport things that were very large and/or heavy. Sledges were known to carry large statues, animals, bricks and sunbaked soil. Sledges were made of Wood as well, but constructed much sturdier to be able to bear the weight of the large and heavy items that they were carrying. Last but not least, the Romans used ships to transport salves, silk from China, perfumes, cotton, precious stones, spices, and precious metals. The romans differed on which ones they used the three most common types of ships that were used were rafts, sailing ships, and merchant ships. References Leokum, A. â€Å"When Were Ships First Used† The Free Lance Star October 24, 1968, Tell Me Why! Pg. 23 Print. Beller, Steven. â€Å"Vienna. † The World Book Encyclopedia. 2009 ed. Print. O’Brien, Patrick Karl. â€Å"THE FIRST CIVILIZATIONS: MESOPOTAMIA AND THE INDUS REGION 4000-1800 BC† Oxford Atlas of World History. First published in 2002 by Philip’s an imprint of Octopus Publishing Group Second edition 2005 Reprinted with revisions 2007. Print. Singman, Jeffrey L. Blaine, Bradford B. Daily Life in Medieval Europe Speculum Vol. 76, No. 2 (Apr. , 2001), pp. 523-524 Published by: Medieval Academy of America Stable URL: http://www. jstor. org/stable/2903521 Nelson, Eric. â€Å"All Roads Lead To Rome† Complete Idiot’s Guide to the Roman Empire August, 2011 Print. Derived from: http://site. ebrary. com. proxy-library. ashford. edu/lib/ashford/docDetail. action? docID=10048566;p00=ancient%20roman%20travel%20trade How to cite Women in History, Papers

In migration And Immigration Law Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the In migration And Immigration Law. Answer: Do not live separately and apart on a permanent basis In migration and immigration law, the term determination of living separately and apart on a permanent basis is determined if the marriage is legal, a registered relationship and may also include a de facto relationship which ceases to exist. The partners of the relationship cease to be treated as members of a couple. [1]By definition, living separately and apart is determined when a legally married couple who are in a registered marital institution, are by measures put in place determined to be living separately and apart indefinitely or on a permanent basis and a deemed to be separated. The general provisions of this law is determined if a couple claim that There is a breakdown in their marriage or an estrangement of the same, and They have established that they are living separately indefinitely or the separation is permanent. In migration law, it states that the physical and emotional separation is required to be seen between the couple. There are other conditions which should generally not be accepted if a couple is living separately. These includes; living separately because of ill-health, economic reasons like unemployment between one partner or the both of them or any other issues that may arise. Any other option should be determined and explored to establish the cause and reason for a married couple to live separately and permanently. The determination of an illness in separated couple The law states that a couple may be determined to be living separately and apart where one couple is living in an approved institution example a nursing home to reside there on a full time basis or a permanent basis.[2] The cause of the residence is due to a debilitating illness or a severe condition like the Huntingtons disease, the Alzheimer disease(ALS advanced stages) or maybe a mental disorder. De jure A de jure or a legally married couple can only be determined if the marriage is legalized. Members of a couple who have a debilitating condition or illness like the Huntingtons disease or the ALS advanced are cognizant of the fact that the other partner is physically, emotionally and mentally incapable of responsibly participating in a couples relationship.[3] They do not therefore meet the criteria of determining a member of a couple. In this case, the conclusion reached in a couple living separately after being affected a disease and institutionalized is; the conclusion should be reached if; The incapacitation of a partner is severe and the disease is of a permanent nature eg the ALS The partner institutionalized no longer gives the other partner companionship, emotional, physical and intellectual support and comfort. There are conditions where the factors do not invalidate living apart and separately; the factors include The other partner does visit the institutionalized partner on basis which is regular He or she provides financial supports to the partner financially Taken no action in filling for a separation through a legal divorce Under the law, the assessment is; Individuals living separately and apart are deemed to be single and paid a single rate of income. Only one individual does income and asset assessment test. Federal Court in SZOXP v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection full decision in context Background of the case It was interesting that the applicant chose not to live in the same house with the sponsor because of religious beliefs. The applicant citizenship is of the peoples republic of china. [4]He therefore filled a partners visa application due to his relationship which is de facto with the sponsor in the year 2012 October. The couple was in a relationship and had married for a month after the application of the visa. Immigration department on the other hand had refused to give them the visa they applied for on grounds that they must give evidence that they were together prior to the application of visa. The department refused to give the visa application on grounds that the sponsor and the applicant had not lived in a de facto relationship. This was a conclusion by one of the officer[5]. The application had undergone a very long a tedious process for assessment of the partners offshore visa. The department claims that it had not been informed about the marriage and it did not approve application of the visa on marital basis. When the refusal of the application of the visa was brought in before MRT, it was found by the tribunal that the couples had indeed stayed together since 2011 December. Both parties prophesied Buddhism and initially decided to get into the precepts of Buddhism which advocate against cohabiting or living together. MRT tribunal found that the de facto relationship requirements had been fully satisfied. They were now living together and therefore there was no basis of denying them the visa they had applied for. In migration law, it states that the physical and emotional separation is required to be seen between the couple. There are other conditions which should generally not be accepted if a couple is living separately. [6]These includes; living separately because of ill-health, economic reasons like unemployment between one partner or the both of them or any other issues that may arise The federal court only reviewed the language of the law and the migration Act and found that if the couple proved proof of cohabiting, it simply does not establish the basis for a de facto relationship. Under the Act section 5CB, a person is deemed to be in a defacto relationship if There is a mutual commitment to shared life and the exclusion of all others, A continuing and genuine relationship And they have to show if they have lived together or have not live separately and apart in a permanent basis. Decision/ Rulling The court found that interpretation of statutory law should not be read as if there contains additional words. The ministers submission of section 5BC should be interpreted from the express wording. The statutory interpretation principles The principle that were applied by federal judges in construing the phrase are; that the legal defination of the Act do not say that the couples should have cohabited. The court in this case applied the interpretation of additional words in the principles of statutory interpretation.[7] The additional words would be too much at a variance with the language in the legislative wording. The federal court ruled that the ministers submissions in this sections should be analysed as if it included a requirement which is absent from the literal wording section. The court gave an example of this wording crashed and burned and went down in flames as an example of the literal wording interpretation of the legislature. The federal court only reviewed the language of the law and the migration Act and found that if the couple proved proof of cohabiting, it simply does not establish the basis for a de facto relationship. Under the Act section 5CB, a person is deemed to be in a relationship which is de facto relationship when There is a commitment which should be mutual and life sharing and there should be no other party, A continuing and relationship which is genuine have to show if they have lived together or have not live separately and apart in a basis which is permanent. General provisions of this law is determined if a couple claim that There is a breakdown in their marriage or an estrangement of the same, and They have established that they are living separately indefinitely or the separation is permanent. In migration law, it states that the physical and emotional separation is required to be seen between the couple. The sponsor and the applicant premised the application of the document on the rate of a de jure relationship at the event of visa application. They were intending to get married when they lodged the visa application when in truth they had already married for a month. The controversy entirely and wholeley should have already been rectified if they had argued on a prospective marriage to get the visa or they should have waited for a month and applied for the visa on basis that they are actually legally de jure or married[8]. The federal courts interpretation is that under the legislation itnot a problem if the sponsor and the applicant do not References Attwood, Bain, Andrew Markus and Bain Attwood,The 1967 Referendum(Aboriginal Studies Press, 2007) Crock, Mary E and Laurie Berg,Immigration, Refugees And Forced Migration(Federation Press, 2011) Easteal, Patricia Weiser,Less Than Equal(Butterworths, 2001) Immigration Legislation(LexisNexis NZ, 2009) Nettelbeck, Amanda et al,Fragile Settlements PROPER, EMBERSON EDWARD,COLONIAL IMMIGRATION LAWS(FORGOTTEN BOOKS, 2016) Vrachnas, John,Migration And Refugee Law(Cambridge University Press, 2012) White, Michael W. D,Australian Offshore Laws(Federation Press, 2009)

What I Know free essay sample

I stare at the Hamlet poster every morning in creative writing class,and it never changes. It is always the same poster, the same cast in alphabeticalorder, the same obscure message at the bottom in the same soft orange font:At Theaters Soon. I guess the posters constancy is what ropes in myeyes and ties them up like young hooves in a cattle kings ring. All else that ispermanent and palpable in the room dissolves, leaving this one vivid window intoa scene of another time, leaving me to rely on a freeze-frame of a modernadaptation of anothers historic reverie and peerless genius. Still,despite all these imaginings, I must be careful. I must be careful not to makethe boy in black (whose seat is under the spectacle) think I could be staring athim. I wouldnt want him to add my supposed incessant gaping to his tragicfreak log. We will write a custom essay sample on What I Know or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He doesnt want to believe that I am just like him. I am justlike every one of those cloaked ultraists who mope around school in their darkresistance decor. With my clean white shirt and ironed corduroys, it is twisteddiscrimination. You couldnt be like us, they say, but I will always know weshould have been great friends. The time is over now the three bellsalways sound like antecedents to department-store announcements (Customerneeds assistance in the shoe department, please ) and it is time forpsychology. I always think about my best friend in psychology because she has thesame class at the same time in Michigan. I picture her bedroom the way it waswhen I went to visit her, the profoundly green walls and the bay window withflowing tails of white and gold gossamer that frame the forever flatness ofcentral Michigan. It is a beautiful room. She hung the framed Degas poster I gaveher for her sixteenth birthday, a sort of symbol of my indomitable knowledge ofher pastimes. She is a wonderful dancer. Theres a Degas poster in creativewriting class, too, and sometimes when Im not looking into Hamlet, Ilet myself think about her. Sometimes I feel Ive begun to see howeverything in this life becomes connected, even if only for a while; even if youstill believe you can hear the fluttering recoil of things gone by. Maybe thatsthe way things stay undeniably allied, inside hopeful minds and the empty roomsof our hearts. In Spanish class I always think about my father. The way hedied, the way he was before he died, the way every window of every building inthis school district is exactly the same, but they look different now. I dontgaze through them as I used to. Now I ream the glass with pensive eyes,mysterious eyes, boring through to the outside world in a bitter, scared anduntrusting trance. My father suffered a stroke in 1993 that left him with a badleg, a cadenced walk to replace his robust stride, a cane, a stagnant arm,phantom pain, and five years of illness and anger that led to the eventualatrophy of my parents marriage. Three and a half years ago, I was theonly one with my father when he died of a massive heart attack in the very housewhere I sit and write this. Its taken me a long time to be able to fall asleephere, not counting the times Ive passed out from utter lack of rest. My sleepwas perpetually wracked by the face of my dying father that only I witnessed andabsorbed. He died just months before I entered high school. And I harbor such aninconceivable amount of guilt for all the times I had fought with him, all thetimes I had made him hang his head for the hurtful things he said. I was thedominant voice in my household because in my preteen irrationality, I couldntunderstand his illness. I know that now. I also know everything bears somepurpose, whether obvious or not, and all things happen as they must, no matterhow great the burden, or unbearable the pain. I am not sure if this personalstatement draws any admiration from you, or leads you through my subjective pathsin semi-certain terms. I have laid out all I can, and all that has any pertinenceto the real world (as much of reality as a suburban Cincinnati teen can know). Iknow what I dont know, and that has been enough for me so far.

Catch-22 essays

Catch-22 essays Joseph Heller lived a long and prosperous life, throughout his 76 years he divided his time as a writer, teacher, and air force bombardier in World War II. He wrote a lot of books including some of his most famous; Something Happened, Good as Gold, Picture This, and Closing Time. His first, most remembered, and popular novel was Catch-22. Catch-22 is closely related to his experiences in the Air Force during the Second World War. Catch-22 is a war novel that is grotesque, cynical, and funny all at once. The story is based around the main characters events and feelings during the Second World War. The main character is a soldier named Yosarian who hates the war. He has a desire to live and be free, but is unable to do so because of the constraints that bureaucracy places on him. The war is no place for him and he feels like everyone is trying to kill him. Yosarrian just wants to go home, but he is constantly being thrown into brutal combat missions, where his safety is of no concern. His colonels are also continually raising the amount of missions that the members of the squadron are required to fly before given a dispatch home. Yosarian is forced into this brutal war and fights to stay alive and one day be free. The Story forms around Yosarian and the reader sees the gruesome war through his eyes. For example you see that Yosarians view towards war was obviously changed because of the death of his friend Snowden, who died in his arms on one of his missions. This haunts him and is part of the reason Yosarian lost all desire to participate in the war. Yosarian tries to get out of war in many ways. He spent a lot of time in the hospital faking illnesses and injury. For example in the opening chapter of the story Yosarian is in a Italian hospital pretending that something is wrong with his liver. Yosarian also pleas insanity, when he comes across a military law known as Catch-22. Catch-22 can make it p...

Self-Publishing Companies What to Expect If It’s Worth it

Self-Publishing Companies What to Expect If It’s Worth it Self-Publishing Companies: What to Expect If It’s Worth it It might not be clear to you yet (we’ll get to it), but you need some help self-publishing your book.I get it. The concept might seem a little crazy right now. After all, it’s called self-publishing, not self-and-a-company-publishing.But the thing isyou don’t know everything you need to in order to self-publish†¦Okay, that’s not true. You don’t know everything you need in order to self-publish successfully.That’s the key here. Do you have what it takes to self-publish and actually achieve the level of success you desire?The truth is that the large majority of self-publishers out there don’t. And we’re going to cover exactly how self-publishing companies can help you bridge this gap.What is a Self-Publishing Company?A self-publishing company is a business dedicated to helping you achieve your desired level of success within your self-publishing journey.They detail the process and streamline otherwise difficult avenues you mi ght not be able to maneuver yourself.But every self-publishing company is different.Here at Self-Publishing School, our mission is to make the process as easy as possible for you while ensuring you do everything you can to succeed the right way.Sure, you can throw your book online with a cover you created in Canva and call yourself a self-published author. But will that yield book sales? Will that give you the authority, recognition, and fulfillment you’re looking for?NOTE: We ARE a self-publishing company and ready to work with you. Join our VIP Self-Publishing Program to go from blank page to published author, all in 90 days. Learn more about it hereHow is a Self-Publishing Company Different than a Traditional Publishing House?Self-publishing companies and traditional publishing houses are completely different in the sense that the former does not publish the book for you, but rather, we help you by providing necessary (crucial!) information about how to complete the proce ss successfully.Traditional publishing houses are where you first land an agent, and then they submit your manuscript, and they take care of the printing/editing/publishing at the expense of your hard earned royalties, of course.Here’s a table detailing the differences between self-publishing companies and traditional publishing.What You GetSelf-PublishingTraditional PublishingSole control of your book's outcomeâÅ"“XSole control of your book's rightsâÅ"“XControl over the storyâÅ"“XControl over the coverâÅ"“X100% of royaltiesâÅ"“XEditing includedXâÅ"“Cover designXâÅ"“MarketingXXDeadlinesXâÅ"“Why Use a Self-Publishing Company?After all, you want to do this yourself, right? Self-publish. But like I mentioned before, you don’t know everything about self-publishing.Do you know the best method for actually writing your book?Do you know exactly how to craft your subtitle and book description to maximize sales?Do you know the best book launch process f or getting your book with the coveted orange â€Å"Bestseller† banner (that also increases your book’s ranking, and sales!)?There is far more to self-publishing than simply hitting â€Å"publish† on Amazon, and without the right process, your book might end up as one of those stereotypical self-published books that sells 3 copies to family members.And that’s why you use a self-publishing company. Someone else has already done the research, the work, and has the experience to guide you through the process.If you’re someone who wants to see real book sales and achieve other goals, like growing a business or becoming a full-time author, then a self-publishing company will help.What You Can Expect with a Self-Publishing CompanyWhat does working with a self-publishing company look like?While not all self-publishing companies are the same or provide the same type of information and training for you, it’s important to understand what you’ll take away from working with one.This is what you can expect when working with a company that helps you self-publish.#1 You keep all rights to your bookUnlike traditional publishing houses, you actually get to keep all the rights to your books.What does this mean?It mean that, when you publish, you are the sole owner of the book and all of its contents. It’s copyrighted under your name and the self-publishing companies will not have any of their information inside of the book (unless you want to thank them for everything they’ve helped you with).This is a major benefit because with self-publishing companies, you can keep the book in print for however long you want.On the flip side, traditional publishing houses can choose when to pull your book from shelves and simply no longer print or sell it. And since you no longer own the rights, you can’t self-publish that book unless you buy the rights back (which some publishing houses don’t even offer you the op tion of).#2 You’ll save timeTime is our most valuable asset. It’s the one thing in our lives we can never get back no matter what.Unless you’re a secret time traveler and have uncovered the secrets of bending and warping time (and if you are, PLEASE SHARE), you have to treat time like it’s precious.One of the biggest perks of using self-publishing companies to help you get your book published is the simple fact that they tell you what needs to be done, when, and how.Not only will you save time actually writing the book (assuming the company gives you instructions on how to write faster, like we do here at Self-Publishing School), but you won’t have to go through the hours upon hours of research in order to get it right.And, you don’t have to waste time making mistakes and adjusting them.#3 You keep 100% of royaltiesEverything you earn, you keep. Now, there may be self-publishing companies out there who require a percentage of your royaltie s, since they helped you, but here at Self-Publishing School dont’ believe in that.After all, you did the work. You put forth the time and effort. This is your book. Therefore, you keep what you actually earn.Aside from what Amazon takes for allowing you to use their platform, 100% of your profit is yours to keep.This is much different than traditional publishing houses in the sense that through them, you’re only pocketing about 10% of royalties (and sometimes even less).#4 You’re kept accountableThe hardship is in the name itself: self-publishing.It’s a very lonely process if you don’t have anyone else going through it with you. And we all know how much easier it is to stay on track when we have someone else rooting for (or hollering at) us.Many self-publishing companies have some sort of progress tracking, coaching, or community to help keep you motivated and working to achieve your dream.How we do that here at Self-Publishing School is through all three of those methods, including a Facebook Mastermind Community with hundreds of dedicated current and past students ready to help.#5 You get coached by expertsAt least here at Self-Publishing School, you do. Not all programs have this perk, and boy is it a perk.Our coaches are all experts in their field. You get one-on-one coaching that allows you to take personalized tips and put them to use in your own publishing journey.Since coaches have been exactly where you are and have come out on top, and maintained book sales themselves, you get a leg up on anyone else doing this without that help.Take a look at one of our amazing coaches, Lise Cartwright, and how she still manages to bring in $4,000 on her self-published books, all while helping our students learn to do the same. Again, not all self-publishing companies offer this service to their students, but if they do, it can help you understand a side of the industry you likely wouldn’t get to see otherwise.#6 You mak e connectionsThis is particularly true for programs that include access to a community of somesort.You never know who you’ll get to know, like, and befriend. These are all like-minded people who are after the same things as you.You can make dear friends, get even more advice when needed, and maintain a sense of purpose when you’re constantly fed motivation from them.#7 You create a bigger impact with your bookWhat’s the reason you’re self-publishing. Why do you really want to get your book out into the world?I’m willing to bet it has something meaningful to you. You want to help others, share information, or show the world a theme or message that’s important to you.By using one of the self-publishing companies out there, you’re able to create a bigger impact with your book.How?Because you will write it better, market it smarter, and sell more. And after all, that’s the point. Right? You want to get as many eyes on it as you po ssibly can.#8 You gain more opportunitiesBecause your book will do better than it would if you didn’t have that outside help, you gain many more opportunities.Becoming a published author places you as an authority in any field you’re writing in. Not only does this help your business grow, if that’s your goal, but it also helps you sell more books through new and better opportunities than you’d have otherwise.Take these students of ours for example:After publishing their books, they have been either contacted or pursued speaking engagements on their own along with other opportunities to grow their book and platform.#9 Your business will growLeveraging your book to grow your business is one of the best methods out there.Chandler Bolt, you know him- the guy who built this 8 figure business from his first bestselling book- swears by it.But he’s not the only expert out there who agrees. Ryan Deiss, CEO of DigitalMarketer, also uses a book to grow his business. You can check out how he does so in the video above, but the point remains: self-publishing is a perfect way to grow your business.And if that’s your goal, then you want to make sure you’re self-publishing for success. Otherwise, your book won’t make nearly as big of an impact on your business, which is why working with a self-publishing company can help.#10 You have a repeatable, successful processMany of our students write multiple books with our program not just one.As one of our favorite author says, if you write one book and you enjoy it, you will write another book.The most successful self-published authors out there are those who write more than one book. Not only do they maintain a steady stream of passive income this way, but since they have a reliable, repeatable process, it makes it easy for them to publish multiple.So long as the self-publishing company you’re working with has lifetime access (like we do), you can hop on and go thr ough the system every time you want to.Plus, imagine how nice it would feel to say, â€Å"Yes, I’m a published author of multiple books.† Has a nice ring to it, don’t you think?Self-Publishing Companies to AvoidNot all self-publishing companies are created equal. Unfortunately, there are some self-publishing companies who only want your money and don’t want to see you succeed.These are some red flags to keep a lookout for when researching self-publishing companies to help you get your book out there.#1 They take a cut of your royaltiesWhy even self-publish if you don’t actually get to keep your hard earned money?This won’t necessarily mean that self-publishing company is a scam or fraudulent in any way. However, it is something to think about and be wary of.You want to make sure you’re actually benefiting fairly for your book’s success. So working with a company that allows you to keep every cent is essential.#2 They make you sign over your book rightsAs mentioned earlier, traditional publishing houses technically â€Å"purchase† your book from you. It’s why you get that nice big (usually not big, though) advance.However, self-publishing companies should not require this. Since you are self-publishing, all of the rights should remains 100% yours.#3 They maintain creative controlObviously, self-publishing companies are meant to help you.That being said, they can certainly offer advice on your book title, subtitle, cover, and even contents, but they should never demand something of your book in order for you to continue with their program.#4 Unrealistic expectationsSelf-publishing is a varied game. No two authors can expect the exact same outcome and your results largely vary on how much you’re willing to work and how well you’re following their program.However, self-publishing companies also shouldn’t guarantee crazy expectations- especially without having the proof t o back it up.Guarantees of making $10,000 in the first month are often unfounded. Look for company promises that you feel good about actually being able to achieve them.#5 There are a large number of complaints onlineNot every self-publishing company can meet everyone’s expectations. Not every single review will be positive and that’s understandable.What you do want to lookout for is a large number of negative reviews, complaints, or claims of fraud or scams. These are certainly something to be wary of, but make sure you research some positives as well. Ready to Self-Publish Your book with THIS Self-Publishing Company?Because we’re ready for you!

Dress Code in High Schools in United State Are you with or against Essay

Dress Code in High Schools in United State Are you with or against - Essay Example Administrations of high schools hold the responsibility of ensuring that their schools remain safe and orderly. With the Education Commission of States, ECS (2014) citing statistics from the National School Board Association estimating the number of guns snaked into American public schools at 135,000, the implementation of dress codes would play a critical role in identifying such persons and thus promote a safe school environment. Raby (2012) documents dress codes that require students to expose their belt lines as significant in deterring the concealing of guns under clothing. Furthermore, it is easier for intruders to be identified in a school that has a dress code (Wilder & Key, 2007). This plays a critical role in identifying any persons who come to school with ill intent. Schools that have implemented dress codes have recorded a decrease in fights and violence. Dress codes improve students’ academic performance. This is because, as documented by Gentile and Imberman (2010), having a standard way of dressing helps students concentrate on their academics. It saves a lot of time spent dressing, especially for adolescent students, thus saving time for studies and sleep, both of which promote academic achievement. Thus, dress codes help schools achieve their academic objectives. Thirdly, schools with dress codes have been noted to promote positive educational environments. Such positive educational environments have been promoted by requiring students to wear uniforms. Wilder and Key (2007) support this argument by giving an account of President Clinton’s 1996 State of the Union address which endorsed the idea of uniforms in schools following findings that school uniforms instilled student discipline, decreased theft and increased resistance to peer pressure. Sharing in the same sentiments, Raby (2012) observes that dress codes in schools reduce teasing among students. This promotes harmony in the school, fostering an appropriate environment

Since the 1960s, a growing number of people have been moving away from Essay - 2

Since the 1960s, a growing number of people have been moving away from villages and small towns to big cities in both developed - Essay Example In â€Å"The Root Causes of Migration† published by Maryland Catholic Conference, it illustrates the different and various reasons or purposes for moving permanently to the bigger cities. The most common reason is usually based on economics and financial matters. In the area of social science, there is a certain law which describes the different causes or factors for the occurrence of migration. Called Lee’s laws, it separates and breaks up the different factors into two sections called the push and the pull factors. The push factors are the different causes that influence and make people want to move away and be pushed out of an area. The people from the rural areas suffer from the lack of job opportunities, bad and awful environmental conditions such as pollution and being prone to natural disasters like fire, drought, flood, landslides, social unfairness such as bullying, teasing, racism, discrimination and even religious persecution. Other pull factors include loss of wealth, poor housing and conflicts or wars around the area. The pull factors are the opposite. They are the various reasons that attract people and pull them into an area. The most common reason for people to move into an area from rural areas is for better job opportunities. In the third chapter of â€Å"People on the Move,† there are also other reasons and purposes why people are attracted to settle permanently in amore urbanized location rather than staying in the rural parts of the country. Some of these are better living conditions. This mostly talks about the environmental conditions such as being less prone to environmental problems and natural disasters. Education is also one of the common reasons. During these modern times, people now highly value the quality of education that one gets because this is the gateway not only for their financial success in life, but also for their family’s freedom from poverty and financial struggles. In both developing and dev eloped nations, migration is being done and the numbers are getting higher and higher every year. The Philippines, which is a developing country in Southeast Asia, is experiencing such an increase in the number of migrants who came from the rural areas that are flocking to the most urbanized region in the country, the capital, Metro Manila. People in this country are getting poorer and poorer everyday and it is clearly evident. That is the reason why most of the people grab the chance and go to Metro Manila, which gives them a hope of a better opportunity and chance in finding good jobs that will somehow and in some way improve the financial status of their families. The intelligent, the skilled and the talented leave the provinces where they live in order to get better chances at life. This great migration that is currently happening in the Philippines has impacted and greatly influenced the development of the country. There are numerous effects that this migration has caused. When all of the brilliant and bright move and gather at one urban area such as in Manila, the provinces and the small towns and rural areas are left undeveloped and from slow, they become slower and slower. It is seen that in certain towns and municipalities, whatever it looked like a decade ago, it still looks the same until now because development is very slow in these areas. Additionally, in developing countries, once people

Status of Women and Marriage Change Essay Example for Free

Status of Women and Marriage Change Essay The Medieval approach to the subject of marriage was entirely distinct and unlike our own. It is difficult to understand their view on married life, as it appears to us, in the modern day to be much more of a contract for the consolidation of estates and monetary gain rather than the love of two people. However the view of women in general was very  unlike the outlook of our contemporary society and to understand their view of marriage we must first understand the outlook of women in the Middle Ages.   Women are first mentioned in The Bible in Genesis 2:21-3. It is described how woman is created from the rib of man and how the man said  This at last is bone of my bones  and flesh of my flesh;  she shall be called Woman,   because she was taken out of man1. The following passages in The Bible describe the fall of Eve and the temptation of Adam. From the very first literature, women are depicted with less moral standing than men and are seen as the downfall of all good, honest Christians. Apostles such as St Paul and St Augustine are also seen to have a grave role in the shaping of the view of women in the Middle Ages. However condemnation of females was not only confined to the Christian Church, as we know it today. Constantine, who established the progressive Christainisation of the empire, discovered small yet troubled heresies among which was one called Gnostics. They believed that the created world was inferior to the spiritual one and as women are the creators in our world they were therefore automatically lesser in the eyes of the lord. Many Gnostic sets wished to discard the reproducing purposes of women and also believed that marriage was sent from the Devil. They are quoted as declaring Marrying and reproducing are said to be instigated by Satan However they did not just believe in this without any cause. Gnostics thought that if women abandoned their duty to procreate they would be worthy to preach, baptise and prophesy alongside men. There were already many prior instances of women taking on such roles within The Bible. However, most surprisingly was the vision of the female Christ. This was maintained by Montanist liturgies that had great worship for Eve as her first sin brought about the miracle of incarnation. So it is easy to see that womens role within this society was a perplexed and confused issue. There were so many different views from many different sects of Christianity, however what I am going to concentrate on is the view of the laywomen in the Middle Ages by the Christian church.  All women were expected to be married, even Nuns were the brides of Christ. Although it was expected, marriage was not the ideal state for a woman. The perfect form was virginity. Those women who preserved their virginity were exalted among others as they had not given in to temptation and from the stories of Eve its in the female nature to be tempted. Puritans wrote  Per mulierem culpa successit,  Per virginem salus evenit  Sin came from women,  But salvation through a virgin2  However even virginity could not bring a woman to the higher state that a man holds within the Christian Church of the early Middle Ages. Cyprian, a third century writer made virginity the distinguishing and unique mark of Christianity, which in turn made virginity a public affair as opposed to a private virtue. Cyprians later contemporary; Ambrose conceived the idea that there were only two types of women in the world. Those who led normal married lives which were tarnished by sexual intercourse and those who stood out from the rest, exceptional women who remained virgins. St Augustine held up the celibate marriage of the Virgin Mary as an ideal for all. Unfortunately pureness would be impossible for the masses. Interestingly, it was only female virginity that held such high esteem. Origen a second century monk castrated himself out of dedication to sexual purity and was punished by the church and excluded from priesthood as he was no longer whole. Female virginity was held in high reverence throughout the Middle Ages however this did change somewhat towards the latter part of this era. With the emergence of characters such as Alysoun in Chaucers The Canterbury Tales there was born a women who could play men at their own game. She could quote the Holy Scriptures, making them state that her way of life was viable. She in effect could turn around any criticism of her manner by means reserved only for men of the cloth. There was also an ideal of mutual freedom in marriage, which was conceived, in the late Middle Ages that would not have been imagined any earlier. Women were seen to take control of the household and hold an equal share of the responsibility within the home. Although their aging husbands may have to show them how to run their household, it was down to the lady to see that everything gets done. The man would provide his young bride with a conduct book explaining what she should do if he were to die suddenly, whether he thought it appropriate for her to re-marry. In addition to house rules and his preferences in the way his household was run.

The Ethics of the Creation, Distribution, and Use of Metadata Essay

The Ethics of the Creation, Distribution, and Use of Metadata Navigation This paper discusses the ethical issues that may arise in the creation, distribution, and use of metadata. To do this, one must first understand what metadata is, and have a reasonable understanding of how it is used today. Metadata is not a word that the average person can state a definition for. In fact, even many technologically inclined people may not have a sound idea of what exactly metadata means. Although many people don’t recognize the name, metadata, many people look at, use, or even create metadata on a daily basis. To truly appreciate how important metadata is one must have a firm grasp on what metadata allows and how difficult information retrieval is without it. What is Metadata? â€Å"The variety and amount of information and information-dependent activities from which we can choose seems to be expanding exponentially.†1 The huge amount of information available, that covers a vast number of topics, requires an efficient way to access this information if any reasonable learning is to take place. This is exactly what metadata does. It categorizes the information created by one person so that others may find it and utilize it. Metadata could be said to be â€Å"information about information† or â€Å"data about data.†2 If metadata’s purpose, â€Å"is to enable integration and retrieval within information systems,† 3 then it needs interoperability, or â€Å"the ability of software and hardware on multiple machines from multiple vendors to communicate.†4 This means that for metadata to have a positive effect, or to actually be helpful, standards must be in place, so that one person’s metadata can be comparably likened to a second person’s metadata, and th... ...2 Amy Brand, Frank Daly, Barbara Meyers, "Metadata Demystified," The Sheridan Press and NISO Press (July 2003). <www.niso.org/standards/resources/ Metadata_Demystified.pdf> 3 Brody (35) 4Dictionary.com, 2003, Lexico Publishing Group LLC, 17 Nov. 2003, <http://dictionary.reference.com> 5Eddie Byrne, Metadata A Primer, 2000, WebSeach, 21 Oct. 2003, <http://www.clubi.ie/webserch/metadata.html> 6Dublin Core Metadata Initiative, 2003, DCMI, 24 Oct. 2003, <http://dublincore.org> 7 DCMI 8 Brody (36) 9James Rachels, The Elements of Moral Philosophy 4th ed., (New York, NY:McGraw-Hill 2003) 93. 10Manuel G Velasquez, Business Ethics: Concepts and Cases 4th ed., (New Jersey:Prentice Hall Inc. 1998) 105. 11 Velasquez (94) 11 Rachels (175) 13 Brody (35) 14 Brody (36) 15 Brody (37) 16 Brody (37) 17 Brody (38)

Nelson Mandela’s Values Essay

It will be hard to believe if a person says â€Å"A man who served twenty seven years in prison, turned out to be one of the greatest presidents our world has seen†. Well this did actually happen and this former president is still living today. Nelson Mandela was born on July 18, 1918 in Transkei, South Africa, he was a leader of the anti-apartheid movement in the 1940s. Mandela was jailed for 27 years for acts of sabotage against the South African state, and shortly after his release from prison he led a multi-racial party for the first time ever in South Africa’s history. By doing this he was elected as the first black/democratic president of South Africa. Throughout his years as a president he has been widely regarded as a symbol of global peacemaking, and he won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993. His birthday, July 18, has been declared Mandela Day; a global celebration of his legacy. Mandela reached this success and earned the title of a world renowned leader with his values in leadership, standing up for what he believed in, that is in democratic process and his strong disapproval of injustice. Nelson Mandela valued leadership since his early days, considered by many as a revolutionary leader; he helped organize the fight against racism and apartheid in South Africa. (Brink). Mandela witnessed leadership at a young age when observing his guardian supervising tribal decision-making gatherings. Mandela’s guardian listened in silence for days, never voicing his opinion even after everyone’s opinion was heard. After everyone had spoken, his guardian guided the group to reach a consensus. Later, Mandela used this experience to mold his leadership style (Stengel). According to Stengel, Mandela recalled the following lesson regarding leadership from when he was a young cattle herder: â€Å"When you want to get a herd to move in a certain direction,† he said, â€Å"you stand at the back with a stick. Then a few of the more energetic cattle move to the front and the rest of the cattle follow. You are really guiding them from behind.† He paused before sayi ng with a smile, â€Å"That is how a leader should do his work†. Furthermore, Mandela’s strong value for leadership began with him displaying his ability to organize and lead others by helping to create the Youth League of African National Congress (ANCYL) which organized protests, boycotts, petitions, and strikes to end apartheid. Previously the African Nation Congress (ACN), ANCYL’s parent organization, had petitioned the government for years for  equality with little success. However, with increased success of the movement, the government increased violence toward nonviolent protesters and banned the ANC. Mandela and other leaders in the movement had to decide how to respond. In a risky decision, they concluded that nonviolence would no longer be effective and that the ANC needed to continue underground. These actions resulted in the imprisonment of Mandela and many ANC leaders, but this action helped to inspire others and to prepare the country for change (â€Å"Nelson Mandela, African National Congress (ANC), and South Africa.†).After more than twenty years in prison, Mandela decided it was time to take matters into his own hands. He realized that, as a leader, it was time to take a drastic step, and he met with the South African president in order to discuss his release and his desire to s witch the nation to a democracy. Mandela was successful, and upon his release he was elected the first democratic leader of South Africa (Brink). Mandela always stood up for what he believed in; he was never fazed by an opponent. Mandela’s value of believing in the democratic process is an example. Even though many did not always agree with this idea, he believed it was the right way forward (Johnson). He was at first unsuccessful with his pursuits, this included the time when he tried during his imprisonment to have prisoners to be addressed more respectfully by guards, and also later when he attempted to have the national voting age lowered to 14 (Stengel). But slowly he established his foundation of democracy and people were finally drawn to it (Stengel). Throughout his battle against apartheid and helping to bring democracy to South Africa, Mandela adopted a democratic leadership style (Johnson).And according to Johnson â€Å"Democratic leaders set policies through group discussion and decision, encourag ing and helping group members to interact, requesting the cooperation of others† and this was exactly what Mandela did (Johnson). Mandela’s other key value that supported his leadership and democratic style was his strong disapproval for injustice. Mandela never tolerated injustice; he believed that justice was the only path to success. For instance, when Mandela got to Robin Island where he was to be imprisoned, he was told to jog to the prison gate. He firmly refused and started a hunger strike with other inmates to condemn the condition they were living in. This worked out in their favor and the conditions improved (Hume). This example highlights Mandela’s value for denouncing injustice and  oppression. Nonetheless, Mandela believed Consensus to be the superior decision making process to build commitment and motivation in group members toward group objectives. Using Consensus meant that justice would be served at its best when making a decision and Mandela fully supported this process (Johnson). Ultimately, Nelson Mandela is viewed as a revolutionary leader for his ability to empower and motivate others using his strong regard for consensus and the democratic process. His stance for promoting justice and peace has been hailed across the world. He led South Africa from a white supremacist country to being the first democratic nation in Africa. With these values Nelson Mandela reached the ultimate success in the eyes of everyone. Work cited Brink, Andre. â€Å"Nelson Mandela.† Time. Time, 13 Apr. 1998. Web. 25 Nov. 2012. . Hume, Tim. â€Å"Digital Mandela Archive Spreads Message of Social Justice.† CNN. Cable News Network, 28 Mar. 2008. Web. 24 Nov. 2012. l. Johnson, Caleb. â€Å"A Leader’s Nest† New York Times [New York] 1993: Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 23 Nov. 2012. . â€Å"Nelson Mandela, African National Congress (ANC), and South Africa.† Cold War Museum. The Cold War Museum, 17 May 2009. Web. 25 Nov. 2012. . Stengel, Richard. â€Å"Mandela: His 8 Lessons of Leadership.† Time. Time, 09 July 2008. Web. 24 Nov. 2012. .

Cocacola Marketing Strategy Essay

For example, for a pack of 375mL x 18 cans of Coca-Cola soft drinks it is priced at $9. 98 instead of $10. 00. This pricing strategy makes consumers perceive the products to be cheaper. Promotional strategies The business uses a range of promotional activities, shown in the table below. Promotional strategy Explanation of promotional strategy Advertising The Coca-Cola Company uses advertising as its main source of increasing consumer awareness. It mainly uses the television. There are many television advertisements on Coca-Cola products. This source allows the company’s products to reach a large audience. The latest television advertisement for Coca-Cola soft drinks was the `You know you want it’ advertisement. One of the older one are ` If you drink it, you get better of life’ The company also uses the radio as another source of advertisement. This is a cheaper source of approach compared to the television. Recently, the company benefited from its involvement in the world’s celebrated games such as the Olympics and the FIFA World Cup. Where millions were watching these games, the business had substantial advertising and promotions of the company’s brands. The cost of advertising over the past 3 years is shown in Fig. (11). Cost ($ mil) YearFig. (11) The Coca-Cola Company’s advertising costs Personal selling Every year, The Coca-Cola Company has a highly trained sales team, which acts as a representative of the company to the retailers. This strategy helps to maintain service and product loyalty. It has been demonstrated by the business to be highly effective. Publicity In February 2003, Vanilla Coke was released to the media as a news brief outlining the huge profit achieved by the business (from the Sydney Morning Herald 14th February 2003). This helped The Coca-Cola Company to strengthen the image of the business’s products. Place of distribution The Coca-Cola Company sells its products to bottling and canning operations, distributors, fountain wholesalers and some fountain retailers. These then distributes them to retail outlets, milk bar and corner stores, restaurants, petrol stations and newsagents. The Coca-Cola Company Wholesalers/distributors Retail/corner stores Restaurants, petrol stations Consumers The Coca-Cola Company’s distribution channel Place strategies Place strategies Explanation of place strategy Indirect distribution. The Coca-Cola Company uses intermediaries in its distribution. That is, the company does not sell its products directly to its consumers. Intensive distribution The Coca-Cola Company uses the intensive distribution strategy. The business’s products are sold in almost every outlet including:  · retail outlets  · small shops  · restaurants  · petrol stations  · newsagents  · schools  · sports and entertainment venues · from vending machines (v) Monitoring ;amp; Controlling

Biography of Olympias, Mother of Alexander the Great

Biography of Olympias, Mother of Alexander the Great Olympias (c. 375–316 BCE) was an ambitious and violent ruler of ancient Greece. She was the daughter of Neoptolemus I, the king of Epirus; the wife of Philip II, who ruled over Macedonia; and the mother of Alexander the Great, who conquered the territory from Greece to northwest India, establishing one of the largest kingdoms of his time. Olympias was also the mother of Cleopatra, the queen of Epirus. Fast Facts: Olympias Known For: Olympias was the queen of Macedonia and the mother of Alexander the Great.Also Known As: Polyxena, Myrtale,  StratoniceBorn: c. 375 BCE in Epirus, Ancient GreeceParents: Neoptolemus I of Epirus, mother unknownDied: c. 316 BCE in Macedonia, Ancient GreeceSpouse: Philip II of Macedonia (m. 357-336 BCE)Children: Alexander the Great, Cleopatra Early Life Olympias was born around 375 BCE, the daughter of Neoptolemus I of Epirus, a Greek king, and an unknown mother. Her family was a powerful one in ancient Greece; they claimed to be descended from the Greek hero Achilles, the main character in Homers Iliad. Olympias was also known by several other names: Polyxena, Myrtale,  and Stratonice. Historians believe she chose the name Olympias to celebrate her husbands victory in the Olympic Games. A follower of mystery religions, Olympias was famed- and feared- for her ability to handle snakes during religious ceremonies. Some scholars believe she belonged to the Cult of Dionysus, a group that worshipped the god of wine, fertility, and religious ecstasy. Reign In 357 BCE, Olympias was married to Philip II, the new king of Macedonia, as a political alliance arranged by her father Neoptolemus, who ruled the Greek kingdom of Epirus. After fighting with Philip- who already had three other wives- and angrily returning to Epirus, Olympias reconciled with Philip at Macedonias capital of Pella and then bore Philip two children, Alexander and Cleopatra, about two years apart. Olympias later claimed that Alexander was actually the son of Zeus. Olympias, as the father of Philips heir presumptive, dominated at court. When the two had been married for about 20 years, Philip married again, this time to a young noblewoman of Macedonia named Cleopatra. Philip seemed to disown Alexander. Olympias and Alexander went to Molossia, where her brother had assumed the kingship. Philip and Olympias publicly reconciled and Olympias and Alexander returned to Pella. But when a marriage of note was offered to Alexanders half-brother Philip Arrhidaeus, Olympias and Alexander may have assumed that Alexanders succession was in doubt. Philip Arrhidaeus, it had been assumed, was not in the line of succession, as he had some kind of mental impairment. Olympias and Alexander tried to substitute Alexander as the groom, alienating Philip. A marriage was eventually arranged between Cleopatra, daughter of Olympias and Philip, to a brother of Olympias. At that wedding, Philip was assassinated. Olympias and Alexander were rumored to have been behind her husbands murder, though whether this is true or not is disputed. Ascension of Alexander After Philips death and the ascension of their son, Alexander, as ruler of Macedonia, Olympias exercised considerable influence and power.  Olympias is alleged to also have had Philips wife (also named Cleopatra) and her young son and daughter killed- followed by Cleopatras powerful uncle and his relatives. Alexander was away frequently  and, during his absences, Olympias assumed a powerful role to protect her sons interests. Alexander left his general Antipater as regent in Macedonia, but Antipater and Olympias frequently clashed. She left and returned to Molossia, where her daughter was now the regent. But eventually Antipaters power weakened and she returned to Macedonia. During his reign, Alexander oversaw the expansion of the Macedonian kingdom, as he conquered the territory from Greece to northwest India. His military skills were unmatched; within a matter of years he was able to conquer the Persian Empire, and he still hoped to make further incursions into Asia when he became sick and died in 323 BCE. Although records indicate that he died of fever, some historians suspect foul play. Battle With Cassander After Alexanders death, Antipaters son Cassander tried to become the new ruler of Macedonia. Olympias married her daughter Cleopatra to a general who contended for the rulership, but he was soon killed in battle. Olympias then tried to marry Cleopatra to yet another possible contender to rule Macedonia. Olympias eventually became the regent for Alexander IV, her grandson (the posthumous son of Alexander the Great by Roxane), and tried to seize control of Macedonia from Cassanders forces. The Macedonian army surrendered without a fight; Olympias had the supporters of Cassander executed, but by then Cassander had escaped. Around this time, Olympias formed an alliance with Polyperchon, Antipaters successor, and Eurydice, the wife of Philip III. The latter provided soldiers for Olympias to command in battle. Cassander maneuvered a surprise attack and Olympias fled; he then besieged Pydna, she fled again, and she finally surrendered in 316 BCE. Cassander, who had promised not to kill Olympias, arranged instead to have Olympias murdered by relatives of the people whom she had executed. Death Following Cassanders orders, relatives of Olympiass victims stoned her to death in 316 BCE. Scholars are not certain whether or not the Macedonian queen was given a proper burial. Legacy Like many powerful figures from ancient history, Olympias lives on in the public imagination. She has been depicted in a variety of books, films, and television series, including the 1956 epic Alexander the Great, Mary Renaults Alexander trilogy, the Oliver Stone film Alexander, and Steven Pressfields The Virtues of War: A Novel of Alexander the Great. Sources Bosworth, A. B.  Conquest and Empire: the Reign of Alexander the Great. Cambridge University Press, 2008.Carney, Elizabeth Donnelly, and Daniel Ogden.  Philip II and Alexander the Great: Father and Son, Lives and Afterlives. Oxford University Press, 2010.Carney, Elizabeth Donnelly.  Olympias: Mother of Alexander the Great. Routledge, 2006.Waterfield, Robin.  Dividing the Spoils: the War for Alexander the Greats Empire. Oxford University Press, 2013.

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Recruitment Agencies Commerce Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Recruitment Agencies Commerce Essay One of the big advantages is that the company is not wasting a time to sorting the candidate’s resumes and conducting the interviews on the initial stages. The advantage of the hiring companies is to recruit people in a very short time because the agency has always saved the resume of the qualified candidates. And they quick start to the screening process and conduct the interviews, background checks etc. The hiring companies gain advantages from using professional recruiters as well. The another advantages of the recruiting agencies if someone is already working somewhere and finding a job to elsewhere with no time wast, the agency will helps the candidates to find the job which is not being advertised to provide good quality job in a Varity of fields. Today’s competitive market, it a big benefit for the companies and the candidates for both, taking advantage from the recruitment agencies as long as they can because the professional recruiters provides the maximum sup port the candidates and recruit the good quality staff for the final stage of the interview process of the company. In this way it is a big advantage for the both parties is that each knows the other is serious about the open position. One more advantage of the hiring agencies is that to serve the job searchers in long term or short term position on to the large and small business scale. Recruitment agencies also offers health and retirement benefits, According to the â€Å"Encyclopaedia of business†. The Americans uses these agencies to find work with companies such as Adecco, Kelly services help place the employees in the united state and Europe. For many companies, it is a disadvantage that if the company have a one or two position available and decide to go to hire the recruitment agency, this decision will be the costly to hire the recruiting company. There is another disadvantage for the company, if they have not hiring the recruitment agency and advertise publically fo r the senior level placement, it is risk for the company to lose her reputation and other competitors take advantage by using their tactics. It is best for the company to contact the recruiters to fill up the position confidentially. If the recruitment agency is not to find the suitable candidates for the right position of the company it is time loss for the company. It is expensive to any company to pay the agency up to 30 % of the employee’s annual salary. When company hire the employees through recruitment agencies then it has to bear extra cost because organization has to give the huge money to recruitment agencies for its services. Which directly impact on the overall profitability of the organization which results badly affect the financial sustainability of the organization? Advantages and Disadvantages of Informal Methods: If organization hire the employees without following the complete procedure of recruitment and selection then these methods will be called informal methods like walk in interview given by employee without job announcement, applicant refer by existing employees.

Human Wisdom and Advertisements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human Wisdom and Advertisements - Essay Example Advertisers are sophists. In any given advertisement, the main aim is to convince the buyer that the product is perfect in order for the buyer to buy it. Instead of most advertisers to advertise a product on the basis of the truth, most of them use persuasive tactics. Sophistic advertisements include power point presentations on TV, Web sites content which contain three-dimensional photographs of the products. Advertisements are sophistic since they aim at appealing to the target consumers. Unsophistic advertisements showroom presentations of products and newsletter advertisements (Craig 289). Lesson four Similarities between Stoics & AquinasTop of Form Bottom of Form . The development of natural law has been attributed to Stoic. Stoicism arose in Hellenistic period. Both Stoics and Aquinas believe human beings have a soul which is capable of perception.  Both philosophies agree that human beings have the capacity to assent or resent to presentations made (Craig 28). Both identify God with nature where nature hold cosmos together and cause terrestrial things. Both philosophies consider ethical goals as the kind of life which is consistent with cosmos. Both Stoics and Aquinas recognize that humans have intellectual capabilities which guide them in their moral choices. According to the two philosophies, society wellbeing includes acts which promote co-existence and human wellbeing (Craig 39). Lesson five Aquinas moral philosophy has strengthened my thoughts on personal philosophy. It has supported my thoughts on morality and ethics. According to my thinking, we cannot achieve total happiness in the world since happiness is supernatural and consists of union with God. In order to achieve happiness in life, we must have certain moral virtues which guide us in seeking it in a consistent way. Living things also comprise of matter and substantial form and seek their own perfection (Craig 90). According to my experience, members of the same species have different deg ree of maturity and ability. For instance, adults have more developed cognitive capabilities than a child who is in line with Aquinas philosophy. According to Aquinas, human wellbeing consists of doing acts that are in accordance to human nature and intellectual limitations may prevent us from doing what in good. For instance, mad men commit murder due to their intellectual limitation. Aquinas philosophy emphasis on need of prudence in judgments which is wisdom in human affairs and the reason for the actions. Lesson six Thought experiments are mental hypothesis which are used by philosophers to illuminate dense ideas (Craig 326). Most of them communicate in narrative form or in diagrams. Their role is to increase the man’s understanding of nature. The prisoner’s dilemma is one of the thought experiences I have used before. It analyzes who two individuals may refuse to cooperate when it is in the best interest of them to do so. In this thought experience, two men are ar rested by a police officer without enough evidence to convict them. The police officer separates them and offers them a good deal whereby one should testify against them other. If one betrays the other and the other remains silent, the betrayer is set free while the co-operator is jailed for one year. If both remain silent, they are jailed for

Two Men Arrested for String of Thefts from U.S. Mail Research Paper

Two Men Arrested for String of Thefts from U.S. Mail - Research Paper Example mails that occurred between January 12, 2012 and March 16, 2012 (U.S. Attorney’s Office 1). These men do not work as United States postal employees, but as employees of a private mail- handling firm, which delivers air parcels to the JFK Post Office. Earlier, during the year, there were several cases of missing items reported to the postal inspectors. The postal inspectors, alongside other FBI agents, launched a thorough investigation on mail handlers, which lasted for several weeks. Their investigation revealed several instances where Wilson and Bennett occasionally moved express mail bags to private locations, where they searched the parcels and stole valuable items and other merchandizes (U.S. Attorney’s Office 1). Police then issued a warrant of arrest for both men. On March 20, 2012, FBI agents arrested both men, and upon being searched, several items, whose descriptions match the missing items, were recovered at their premises. Airmail theft is one of the ways of derailing the lifeblood of the U.S. economy, and stifling personal communication (U.S. Attorney’s Office 1). Airmailing is a significant means of communication between traders, through which they move goods and other items from one region to another, within a short period. When individuals and companies do not receive their mails, they lose trust in the services offered by U.S. postal corporation, which in turn, damages the company’s reputation, thus reducing its market strength against its key rivals, especially from the private sector like the DHL Inc. Additionally, lost items inconvenience businesses by increasing their cost of productions, which make them register significant loses. It is, therefore, necessary to investigate and combat airmail thefts, not only in the U.S., but also in other nations. Mail theft significantly inconveniences both businesses and individuals. This is because they lose their valuable items, which are worth $1

Homicide Law within England and Wales Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Homicide Law within England and Wales - Essay Example In July 2005, government ordered for a review of homicide law, especially connecting to manslaughter in England and Wales2. It is stated that there are many problems in the existing law like it has confusing structure and shaky foundations. It does not reflect the degree of fault or provide right scope. There are areas that need regularisation by legislation because some of these areas are not conducive with the modern society. Two general offences of murder and manslaughter sometimes have a blurred demarcation. No doubt wilful killing of another person is murder and the rest come under manslaughter. Here again, demarcation is not very clear between gross negligence manslaughter, reckless manslaughter, voluntary manslaughter, involuntary manslaughter and unlawful and dangerous act manslaughter. Current definitions of each of them could be termed as confusing and misleading at times. Current definitions of these offences are mainly based on judicial law connected with precedent individual cases and they are not products of legislation. Most of them are behind time and do not have much legal base other than societal approval. Difference in intention of only harming and not killing, but killing by mistake is a terribly confusing legal field that could be manoeuvred by a clever lawyer in whichever way he likes. In present law culpability is too wide a field and need to be specified properly. Many reckless killers who kill with abandon are getting lightly punished under manslaughter while they deserve more stringent sentences. Law fraternity3 and police watch helplessly when the defendant goes away with hardly any punishment due to loopholes in law. Especially the police, who are aware of the committed crime and have seen the atrocity and effect of it, feel totally deceived and disowned by law. Law of manslaughter needs narrowing down urgently. It cannot be allowed to become bigger and bigger almost with every case. Some of the partial defences like concealed partial defences or self defences are set in unclear fields and need more coherence. Provocation is not clearly stated and the whole area is a confusing mixture of judge made law and rather unconnected legislation. Role of provocation in murder and manslaughter both is extremely difficult to grasp even by

Is Bottled Water Better Than Tap Water Environmental Sciences Essay

Is Bottled Water Better Than Tap Water Environmental Sciences Essay Dark clouds of bottled water industry are spreading over the minds of innocent US consumers day by day. These clouds pour drops of rain that is washing brains and pockets of consumers together. Bottled water industry, as the name suggest, is an industry that is selling a free gift of nature very efficiently. According to Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC), more than half of the US population drinks bottled water. The consumers are not just rich white Americans, but also low income Hispanics, Blacks and Asians (NRDC). The sales of bottled water are increasing regularly making it the second most ever consumable drink after soda after soda, says Elizabeth Royte, an American author, in her book Bottlemania (67). This enormous sale of bottled water tries to prove that it is a consumer choice product. People, who are drinking bottled water, view bottled water as a regular consumption product. However, the reality is otherwise. This really simple product has remarkably concurred the m inds of consumers by making them believe that it is the purest form of drinkable water with no negative effects. Thirst stricken consumers have easily fallen into the pit created by bottled water industry. This industry is not only affecting the minds of people, but is also hurting our environment. Royte analyzed the bottling plants in different regions of the US and concluded that these industries are sucking water from small towns by forcefully owning someones private property making the water level to decrease other water reservoirs of those areas (256). One more problem that comes in clinging with these small bottles is the recycling issue. Only a small percentage of these bottles get recycled and the rest is dumped into landfills (Royte 34). Overall, bottled water industry is a culprit of effecting environmental and human health. How people feel about the safety between using bottled water instead of tap water depends on the degree to which they have internalized the ideology of the society. The well-known American Attorney, Gerry Spence discusses ideological control in his article, Easy in the Harness: The Tranny of Freedom. He says that people have been so controlled by the ideology of society, that it has become very difficult for them to make truly free decision. Spences contention is clearly demonstrated in those who believe that usage of bottled water is far healthier and safe than tap water. According to Naideinko, a medical surveyor and a writer, bottled water is also a very much leading cause of spreading number of harmful diseases, in some cases fatal including cancerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. In other words, bottled water can be totally revese of being healthier. Tap was a major channel that provided people with drinking water throughout the world until in 1977, when bottled water was introduced says Elizabeth Royte , an American author, in her interview with Ira Flatow, a National public radio host that it was the first branded packaged water in the US. It started as a fashion symbol, and led its way to a health savior (Royte). This journey of bottled water from a fancy commodity to a necessity seems to be a very difficult one because buying something that is available almost for free does not make sense. Think about paying for oxygen. If a company claims to sell pure and pollution free oxygen in plastic cans, would anyone like to buy it? This question is of course ridiculous. So, after looking at the sale of bottled water one question strikes the wires of mind is that how bottled water became a business when tap water is available almost for free. Anne Leonard, an environmental activist, says in her online video, The Story of Bottled Water that it (sale of bottled water) all started when soda companies felt that their business is falling. They, in order to keep up their business, made a unique decision that is selling water. They labeled in Perrier and started selling it. It was not an easy goal. So they used marketing demand (Leonard). Further, She adds that bottled water companies used three strategies including scaring the consumers, seducing them and misleading them. They scared the consumers by making them believe that tap water is for sure hazardous to health. Elizabeth Royte in her book, Bottlemania, states a quote by Robert S. Morrison, vice chairman of PepsiCo, The biggest enemy is tap water(Royte 170). So, if tap water is an enemy, which means it can harm the consumers, then what is to drink? The answer was obvious; the only water from pristine springs of Fiji or other pure water sources comes the misleading part. Al most 40% of bottled water is just filtered tap water and this applies to major brands like Aquafina and Dasani (Royte). So, the pictures of pritisine waterfalls and ever green forests is nothing but just a scam. The technique of scaring, seducing and misleading is working really successfully. Bottled water is seen everywhere including schools, offices, stations, airports and hospitals says Jane0t Majeski Jemmot, a Readers Digest writer, in her article, Rethink What You Drink; Growing Thurst. It is indeed a joyous event for bottled water companies because they made impossible, possible just by making environment to pay a heavy price for a natural resource that is technically already free. After bottled water succeeded to gain confidence of consumers, its growth started to mount. Actually Bottled water industry is working on the mechanism of viruses that enter human body unchecked and then they start replicating every minute. People in America consume nine billion gallons of bottled water that sums up to hundreds of millions of dollars says Martin Lewis, an internationally recognized water expert and a critical writer, in his article, Costly Water: Bottled and Sold: The History Behind Our Obsession with Bottled Water. Such a huge consumption of bottled water is not a good news because when bottled water is compared with tap water, barely any difference can be seen. Moreover, tap water has to follow more strict regulations than bottled water when it comes to purity. FDA (The US Food and Drug Administration), that regulates bottled water and EPA (Environmental Protection Agency),that regulates tap water have different rules regarding the contents and quality of bottled water. NRDC (Natural Resources Defense Council), an environmental group, provides a data showing the difference between the rules of FDA and EPA in its article, Bottled Water; Pure or Hype? The data shows that testing frequency for bacteria in bottled water and big city tap water is once a week and hundred times a week respectively. It further states that bottled water companies are not required by to have certified operators ,whereas; big city tap water requires certified technician to do the job. Most surprisingly, FDA doesnt give consumer any right of knowing what is in the bottle. On the other hand, big city tap water department is required to let people know what is in the tap water. Catherine Golub, an environmentalist, in her article, Liquid assest; Is Bottled Water Really Better Than Whats on Tap? She states that FDA regulates bottled water as a food product and it receives less federal inspection that tap water, which is controlled by EPA with strict standards. She further discussed the survey of NRDC,a nonprofit consumer group, conducted on 103 brands of bottled water. The results showed that one third exceeded the state limits of contamination with bacteria and chemicals. Also, only 5% of these bottles met the standards of fluoridated/regular water. It turns out that bottled water is no healthier than tap water. Next concern is about the plastic bottle itself. These bottles are made out of PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate). According an article, Bottled water may contain hormones: Plastic, by Janet Raloff, this water may also pack a substantial quantity of estrogen-mimicking pollution, according to researchers at Johann Wolfgang Goethe University in Frankfurt(3). He discusses an experiment done on snails by Johann Wolfgang Goethe University experts. Two species of snails that were very sensitive to estrogen were placed in plastic and glass water (one in each). The snail in bottled water showed an enormous production of embryos concluding that plastic can leach estrogen into water. Obviously, estrogen can cause genetic changes when males are subjected to it. Even though, bottled water is a small package but it has huge circumstances. Apart from the health issues, bottled water also helps human beings in degrading the environment in the form of global warming, water waste and increase in garbage. Making of these bottles requires a lot of oil (to run the plants). When this oil is burned, it adds to global warming as mentioned in, Water Wars; Bottled or Tap, by Mother Earth News. One can wonder that how much oil is it?. The answer shows a mounting 1.5 million gallons of oilenough to run 100,000 cars for a whole year, while transporting these bottles burns thousands more gallons of oil (Mother Earth News). Moreover, the water used for reverse osmosis of bottled water is a lot more than one showed on the store shelves. It takes 3-9 gallons of water to get 1 gallon of water using purification plants. Apart from purification, a large amount of water is used to cool down and wash the water plants (Royte 140). While many lakes in the US are drying up and people suffer from water shortage, bottled water companies keep on w asting them. Elizabeth Royte, an American author, in her book, Bottlemania says that Lake Superior, Huron, and Michighan which contain 20% of worlds water surface are becoming steep since late 1990s. Nestle pumps 114 billion gallons a year from groundwater that goes to Lake Michigan (201). Last, comes the garbage problem. After a bottle is produced using a lot of water and oil, we drink it in about just 1-2 minutes. In this era of going green, almost everyone is concerned about the recycling of waste and maintaining a clean healthy environment. So, now a question arises that do these bottles fill the criteria of environmental friendly? According to The Story of the Bottled Water, by Anne Lenard, an environmentalist, 80% of the used bottles end up in incinerators, where they burn to produce toxic gases or they are dumped underground, where it takes about 1000 years for them to degrade thus making a healthy land unavailable for a long period of time. The remaining is recycled. Here the term recycle doesnt mean they are recycled immediately after being used. These bottles are shipped all the way to India to get recycled, again using a lot of fuel. The story doesnt end here. In India, ideally these bottles are supposed to be recycled, but unfortunately that is not what happens. These bottles remain there as big heaps of plastic, or they are thrown into someones back yard creating a problem for them. In this course of bottled water production to its disposal, the need is of about 1-2 minutes but the time required for the rest of the course is 1000 times more. Bottled water not only affects health of humans and earth, but also deprives us from money. The ecological foot print is not negligible. The price of bottled water is a lot more than tap water. People in the US are paying up to $2.50 to $ 3.00 per gallon that is even more than that of petrol says Amanda Woods, a journalist and a producer, in her article, The Cost of Bottled Water. On the other hand, the price of tap water in the United States is $1.50 for 1,000 gallons or less than a penny a gallon. So, people are paying 1000 folds for something that is virtually free. This money can be used for other needs. Even though bottled water has its cons, its pros are forcing its booming sale. First of all, it is easy to carry. Its light weight and soft plastic (so it can squeeze into pockets of back packs) makes it convenient to carry when going out. Secondly, it is already filtered water i.e. you dont have to filter water every time you want to drink it. Also, it is light in weight unlike the metallic bottles that can be used to carry water. IBWA (International Bottled Water Association) provides information about the regulations of bottled water. Many bottled water companies have decreased the weight of bottled water to 36.2% according to bottled water reporter section of IBWA. Also, tap water in many areas of the US is contaminated. Tap water has been reported to contain life threatening chemicals such as lead. Mireya Navarro, a New York Times reporter, in her article, Higher Levels of Lead Seen in Tap Water, mentions that elevated levels of lead are reported in New Yorks water. According to Environmental Protection Agency 15 parts per billion of lead in water is considered to be elevated. The amount of lead found in New York city water is reported to be 16 parts per billion. However, the portability is not enough to cover up for all the trouble that bottle water causes to health, wealth and environment. Also, bottled water is not a solution to water problems. The first step to save health, wealth and environment is to try the tap water again. It does take a lot of courage because people are mentally scared from it-thanks to the bottled water companies. Tap water is environment friendly with no economic or environmental problems. Tap water in the US is best for drinking because EPA regulates water to make sure no contaminants get through the tap (Royte 220). Cynthia Dougherty, director of the EPAs Office of Groundwater and Drinking Water says, I wouldnt hesitate to drink tap anywhere in the country (Royte 220). This solves the problem for most of the tap water concerns. Local tap water utilities can be contacted any time to get tap water checked. Also, bottled water costs up to 10,000 times more per gallon than tap water as stated in an article by Mother Earth News, Water Wars: Bottled or Tap?. About the quality of tap water Eric Glodstein, a water specialist from NRDC says, The citys water is nearly pristine(Royte 101). It is easy to find out the quality of tap water. Customers can call the EPAs toll-free safe drinking water Hotline at 800-426-4791, or visit the website for the Campaign for Safe and Affordable Drinking Water can as stated by Jannet Majeksi. Second step is to cut back on bottled water. With the availability of stainless steel bottles, it has become easy to avoid bottled water. These bottles can be used to carry water. Majeski points out that water that comes out of tap is safe. Generally, contaminants in drinking water dont go over the limitations of EPA, but if there are still concerns like chlorine smell or taste then filters can serve the purpose. Elizabeth Royte talks about Brita filters that she uses, in her book, Bottlemania(224). Going back to tap and cutting back on bottled water, are two necessary steps in saving the health of environment. Furthermore, many campaigns are going on in different states of the US against bottled water. Government is also taking part in these campaigns. San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom has banned bottled water usage in the city says Mayor Gavin Newsom issued an executive phasing out the citys bottled water use says Shawn Query, an author, in his article, SAN FRANS BOTTLED WATER BAN. Natural Resources defense Council (NRDC) is an environmental group. Its main motive is to invoke awareness among people about the safe use of natural resources. It provides reports about the quality of tap water in almost every city across the US. Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI) is another group working for the security of water. It organizes events to help the consumers seek awareness about the quality of bottled water and its effects on environment. This year it is organized a water week 5-11 September. The theme was, The water quality challenge. Other than organizations many public institutes a re also taking steps. For example, college students along with volunteers from Corporate Accountability International, a vigorous group, every summer hold events at public places. In these events, they fill water from different sources and challenge people to drink it. Mostly people cant differentiate between bottled and tap water (Royte 140-141). The problems like health issues and environmental pollution, needs a serious attention by both public and government, and this issue as whole needs to be brought up on a higher level of society, so that everyone will get well-aware of this deception. In order to have that completed, every individual has to stand up by him/her self. Otherwise, in the essence of Spences argument our Blind-minded society will have to suffer one day. Work Cited 1).Bullers , Anne Christiansen. Bottled Water: Better Than the Tap? FDA consumer magazine. July-August. 2010. 6. Nov. 2010. Web 2) Golub, Catherine. Liquid Assets: Is Bottled Water Really Better Than Whats On Tap? (Cover story).Environmental Nutrition 24.9 (2001): 1. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 16 Nov. 2010. 3) International Bottled Water association. 4 Nov. 2010. 4) Jemot, Janet Majeski. Bottled Water Vs. Tap Wtaer. Readers Digest.com. 8 Nov. 2010. 5) Leonard, Anne. The Story of Bottled Water. 17 March. 2010. YouTube. 6 Nov. 2010. Web 6) Lewis, Martin W. Costly water: Bottled and Sold: The History Behind Our Obsession with Bottled Water. Issues in Science Technology 27.1 (2010): 85-88. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 16 Nov. 2010. 7) McGrath, Tom, and Kate Dailey. LIQUID ASSETS. Mens Health (10544836) 19.2 (2004): 142-149.Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 24 Nov. 2010. 8) Natural Resources Defense Council. Navarro, Mireya. Higher Levels Of Lead Seen In Tap Water. New York Times 5 Nov. 2010:A28(L). Global Issues In Context. Web. 7 Nov. 2010. 9) Olga, Naidienko. Bottled Water May Be Harmful. Opposing viewpoints: Resources center. Detroit, Greenhaven Press, 2010. Print. 10) Query, Shawn. SAN FRANS BOTTLED WATER BAN. E The Environmental Magazine 18.5 (2007): 24.Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 24 Nov. 2010 11) Raloff, Janet. Bottled water may contain hormones: Plastics. Science News. Magazine of the Society for Science and Public, 12 March 2009. Web. 4 Nov. 2010. Royte Elizabeth. Interview with Ira Flatow. Why Americans Are Obsessed With Bottled Water. npr 23 Nov 2010. Web 12) Royte, Elizabeth. Bottlemania. First. New York: Bloomsbury, 2008. Print. 13) Spence, Gerry. Easy in the Harness: The Tyranny of Freedom. From freedom to slavery: the Rebirth of Tyranny in America. New York: St. Martins Griffin, 1989. 51-63. Print. Water Wars: Bottled or Tap?. Mother Earth News 226 (2008): 19. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 16 Nov. 2010. 14) Woods, Amanda. The Cost of Bottled Water. Suit101.com 17 Jun. 2009. Web. 3 Nov.2010.